The Gender Gap in Anemia: A Call for Improved Blood Management 

Anemia is a Global Health Concern 

The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes anemia as a serious global health concern, especially for menstruating, pregnant or postpartum women. In fact, the WHO estimates around 37% of pregnant women and 30% of women 15-49 years of age are anemic. This loss in blood volume and iron can lead to reduced energy levels, pregnancy complications, weakened immune function, worsened menstrual symptoms and, in some cases, heart health concerns.  

For women living with chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease or inflammatory conditions, the risk for anemia becomes even higher and more complex. These conditions can trigger “anemia of chronic conditions,” which worsens existing vulnerabilities and creates additional health challenges.  

A Framework for Change: Patient Blood Management 

The WHO recognized the critical importance of blood health for global public health, publishing guidance on Patient Blood Management (PBM). This evidence-based approach represents a shift in healthcare thinking: rather than over-relying on blood transfusions, PBM focuses on managing and preserving an individual’s own blood throughout all stages of care.  

PBM encompasses patient education, routine screenings for anemia and iron deficiency, careful management of blood loss during medical procedures and monitoring for anemia-causing interactions after treatment. This comprehensive approach not only improves patient outcomes and quality of life but also conserves valuable resources and reduces healthcare costs.  

The Path Forward 

To address the burden of anemia among women and close the gap, global leaders—including EU policymakers, stakeholders and healthcare leaders—must act. This includes recognizing the importance of blood health advancement through PBM implementation, funding projects to promote PBM expertise and supporting the creation of a network of PBM reference centers.  

Coordinated efforts to incorporate blood health into patient safety and quality of care frameworks at the national level will improve outcomes for millions of women while building more efficient, patient-centered healthcare systems. The time for action is now.  

To learn more about blood health, read GAfPA’s Fast Facts on Chronic Disease, Anemia & Blood Health.